Paper · Sep 30, 2026

The planarity estimate in dimensions five and six

Stephen Lynch

math.DGWider flowsarXiv:2609.39330
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Abstract

Naff's planarity estimate is a crucial tool for analysing singularities of quadratically pinched mean curvature flows in high codimension, showing that high-curvature regions become asymptotically codimension one. Naff established the estimate throughout the full Andrews–Baker pinching range in dimensions at least , while in dimensions and a stronger pinching assumption was required. We close this remaining gap, proving the planarity estimate in dimensions and throughout the full Andrews–Baker range. The key new ingredient is a sharp Kato-type inequality relating the twisting of the principal normal to the gradient of the second fundamental form.

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The 8 papers on this site closest to this one, judged by the topics they share, the words and phrases in their titles and abstracts, and their authors. They are not its citations, but a map of the work around it. Papers here go back to 2021, plus the canon.

Connected papers This paper in the centre and the 8 papers closest to it around it, in date order clockwise from the top. The closer a paper sits to the centre, the stronger the connection. This paper Quadratically pinched submanifolds of the sphere via mean curvature flow with surgery (Mat Langford, Stephen Lynch and Huy The Nguyen, 2021)4Langford 2021 Singularity Models for High Codimension Mean Curvature Flow in Riemannian Manifolds (Artemis A. Vogiatzi and Huy T. Nguyen, 2023)2Vogiatzi 2023 Mean Curvature Flow of High Codimension in Complex Projective Space (Artemis A. Vogiatzi, 2023)5Vogiatzi 2023 Sharp Quartic Pinching for the Mean Curvature Flow in the Sphere (Artemis A. Vogiatzi, 2024)8Vogiatzi 2024 Classification of quadratically pinched self-shrinkers in higher codimension (Debora Impera, Michele Rimoldi and Francesco Ruatta, 2026)6Impera 2026 Classification of quadratically pinched translators in higher codimension (Debora Impera, Michele Rimoldi and Francesco Ruatta, 2026)7Impera 2026 Local Convexity and Planarity Estimates for Mean Curvature Flow (Liang Cheng, 2026)3Cheng 2026 Planarity estimates and codimension reduction for ancient flows at the Andrews-Baker threshold (Francesco Ruatta, 2026)1Ruatta 2026
Closer to the centre: more closely connected. Clockwise from the top: oldest to newest. Ricci flowWider flowsalso connected to each other
  1. Planarity estimates and codimension reduction for ancient flows at the Andrews-Baker threshold

    Francesco RuattaWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching · Shared terms “planarity estimate”, “Baker”, “Naff”

  2. Singularity Models for High Codimension Mean Curvature Flow in Riemannian Manifolds

    Artemis A. Vogiatzi and Huy T. NguyenWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching, Singularities · Shared terms “high codimension”, “high curvature”

  3. Local Convexity and Planarity Estimates for Mean Curvature Flow

    Liang ChengWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching · Shared terms “planarity estimate”

  4. Quadratically pinched submanifolds of the sphere via mean curvature flow with surgery

    Mat Langford, Stephen Lynch and Huy The NguyenWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching · Same author Stephen Lynch · Shared terms “quadratically pinched”

  5. Mean Curvature Flow of High Codimension in Complex Projective Space

    Artemis A. VogiatziWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching, Singularities · Shared terms “high codimension”, “high curvature”

  6. Classification of quadratically pinched self-shrinkers in higher codimension

    Debora Impera, Michele Rimoldi and Francesco RuattaWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching · Shared terms “quadratically pinched”, “Baker”, “Andrews”

  7. Classification of quadratically pinched translators in higher codimension

    Debora Impera, Michele Rimoldi and Francesco RuattaWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching · Shared terms “quadratically pinched”, “stronger pinching”, “pinching range”

  8. Sharp Quartic Pinching for the Mean Curvature Flow in the Sphere

    Artemis A. VogiatziWider flows PDF

    Topics Curvature pinching, Singularities · Shared terms “high curvature”

Read around it

Background reading

The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.

In the guidebook

  1. 12B.6
    Bounded Curvature at Bounded DistanceBook 12B · κ-Solutions and Surgery

    The heart of the canonical neighbourhood proof: why curvature at bounded rescaled distance from a point of high curvature stays bounded, via incomplete limits, cones and Hamilton–Ivey pinching (Morgan–Tian, chapter 10).

  2. 6A.9
    Reaction–Diffusion: Fronts, Patterns and PinchingBook 6A · The Heat Equation and Its Relatives

    Critical patch size, travelling fronts and their speeds, bistable waves and the Allen–Cahn equation, Turing patterns, and the curvature of a Ricci flow as a reaction–diffusion system.

  3. 11A.7
    Maximum Principles under Ricci FlowBook 11A · The Ricci Flow: Existence and Maximum Principles

    Scalar and tensor maximum principles, and preserved curvature conditions.