Paper · Jun 5, 2025

Characterization of Infinite Ideal Polyhedra in Hyperbolic 3-Space via Combinatorial Ricci Flow

Huabin Ge, Bobo Hua, Hao Yu, Puchun Zhou

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Abstract

In his seminal work, Rivin characterized finite ideal polyhedra in three-dimensional hyperbolic space. However, the characterization of infinite ideal polyhedra, as proposed by Rivin, has remained a long-standing open problem. In this paper, we introduce the combinatorial Ricci flow for infinite ideal circle patterns, a discrete analogue of Ricci flow on non-compact Riemannian manifolds, and prove a characterization of such circle patterns under certain combinatorial conditions. Our results provide affirmative solutions to Rivin's problem.

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Connected papers

The 8 papers on this site closest to this one, judged by the topics they share, the words and phrases in their titles and abstracts, and their authors. They are not its citations, but a map of the work around it. Papers here go back to 2021, plus the canon.

Connected papers This paper in the centre and the 8 papers closest to it around it, in date order clockwise from the top. The closer a paper sits to the centre, the stronger the connection. This paper A combinatorial curvature flow in spherical background geometry (Huabin Ge, Bobo Hua and Puchun Zhou, 2023)1Ge 2023 The Convergence of Prescribed Combinatorial Ricci Flows for Total Geodesic Curvatures in Spherical Background Geometry (Guangming Hu, Ziping Lei, Yu Sun et al., 2024)4Hu 2024 Convergences of Combinatorial Ricci Flows to Degenerated Circle Packings in Hyperbolic Background Geometry (Guangming Hu, Sicheng Lu, Dong Tan et al., 2024)6Hu 2024 Combinatorial Calabi flows with ideal circle patterns (Xiaoxiao Zhang, 2025)7Zhang 2025 Hyperbolization and geometric decomposition of a class of 3-manifolds (Ke Feng, Huabin Ge and Yunpeng Meng, 2025)8Feng 2025 Combinatorial Ricci flows on infinite disk triangulations (Huabin Ge, Bobo Hua and Puchun Zhou, 2025)2Ge 2025 Infinite combinatorial Ricci flow in spherical background geometry (Chang Li, Yangxiang Lu and Hao Yu, 2025)3Li 2025 Combinatorial p-th Calabi flow for finite and infinite ideal circle patterns (Xiaorui Yang and Hao Yu, 2025)5Yang 2025
Closer to the centre: more closely connected. Clockwise from the top: oldest to newest. Ricci flowWider flowsalso connected to each other
  1. A combinatorial curvature flow in spherical background geometry

    Huabin Ge, Bobo Hua and Puchun Zhou PDF

    Topics Discrete & graph Ricci · Same authors Huabin Ge, Bobo Hua, Puchun Zhou · Shared terms “circle patterns”, “combinatorial conditions”, “ideal circle”

  2. Combinatorial Ricci flows on infinite disk triangulations

    Huabin Ge, Bobo Hua and Puchun Zhou PDF

    Topics Discrete & graph Ricci · Same authors Huabin Ge, Bobo Hua, Puchun Zhou · Shared terms “combinatorial Ricci”

  3. Infinite combinatorial Ricci flow in spherical background geometry

    Chang Li, Yangxiang Lu and Hao Yu PDF

    Topics Discrete & graph Ricci · Same author Hao Yu · Shared terms “combinatorial Ricci”, “circle patterns”

  4. The Convergence of Prescribed Combinatorial Ricci Flows for Total Geodesic Curvatures in Spherical Background Geometry

    Guangming Hu, Ziping Lei, Yu Sun et al. PDF

    Topics Discrete & graph Ricci · Same author Puchun Zhou · Shared terms “combinatorial Ricci”, “circle patterns”

  5. Combinatorial p-th Calabi flow for finite and infinite ideal circle patterns

    Xiaorui Yang and Hao YuWider flows PDF

    Same author Hao Yu · Shared terms “infinite ideal”, “circle patterns”, “ideal circle”

  6. Convergences of Combinatorial Ricci Flows to Degenerated Circle Packings in Hyperbolic Background Geometry

    Guangming Hu, Sicheng Lu, Dong Tan et al. PDF

    Topics Discrete & graph Ricci · Same author Puchun Zhou · Shared terms “combinatorial Ricci”

  7. Combinatorial Calabi flows with ideal circle patterns

    Xiaoxiao Zhang PDF

    Topics Discrete & graph Ricci · Shared terms “circle patterns”, “ideal circle”, “combinatorial”

  8. Hyperbolization and geometric decomposition of a class of 3-manifolds

    Ke Feng, Huabin Ge and Yunpeng Meng PDF

    Topics Discrete & graph Ricci, 3-manifolds, Boundaries & non-compact · Same author Huabin Ge · Shared terms “combinatorial Ricci”

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Background reading

The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.

In the guidebook

  1. 6D.11
    Computing Geometric FlowsBook 6D · Diffusions, Finance and Computation

    Numerical curve shortening and mean curvature flow, level sets and phase fields, discrete Ricci flow on surfaces and in conformal mapping, rotationally symmetric neckpinches, and what computation has taught about singularities.

  2. 10A.1
    A Zoo of Three-ManifoldsBook 10A · Three-Manifolds and Geometrization

    The 3-sphere, lens spaces, the Poincaré sphere, the Hopf fibration and the shape of space.

  3. 10A.2
    Finite Rotation Groups and Spherical Space FormsBook 10A · Three-Manifolds and Geometrization

    Klein's classification by counting poles, the binary groups, and every quotient of the round 3-sphere.