Paper · Aug 8, 2026

Canonical Connections and Algebraic Ricci Solitons on Lorentzian 4-Dimensional Nilpotent Lie Groups

Youssef Ayad

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Abstract

In this paper, we compute the canonical and Kobayashi-Nomizu connections, together with their curvature, on Lorentzian four-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups endowed with a product structure. We also classify the algebraic Ricci solitons associated with these connections.

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The 8 papers on this site closest to this one, judged by the topics they share, the words and phrases in their titles and abstracts, and their authors. They are not its citations, but a map of the work around it. Papers here go back to 2021, plus the canon.

Connected papers This paper in the centre and the 8 papers closest to it around it, in date order clockwise from the top. The closer a paper sits to the centre, the stronger the connection. This paper Lorentz Ricci solitons of 4-dimensional non-Abelian nilpotent Lie groups (Rohollah Bakhshandeh-Chamazkoti, 2021)2Bakhshandeh- 2021 A Hilbert–Mumford criterion for nilsolitons (Yoshinori Hashimoto, 2023)7Hashimoto 2023 Ricci solitons of special Lorentzian Lie groups with a four-dimensional isometry group (Giovanni Calvaruso, Lorenzo Pellegrino and Amirhesam Zaeim, 2025)5Calvaruso 2025 Pseudo-Riemannian Algebraic Ricci Solitons on Four-Dimensional Lie Groups (Youssef Ayad, 2026)1Ayad 2026 Four-dimensional Lorentzian algebraic Ricci solitons (Eduardo Garcia-Rio, Rosalia Rodriguez-Gigirey and Ramon Vazquez-Lorenzo, 2026)3Garcia-Rio 2026 Nilpotent Lie algebras obtained by ordered sets and Ricci solitons (Yihao Zheng and Shenglin Zhu, 2026)6Zheng 2026 Lorentzian Algebraic Ricci Solitons on the Heisenberg Group (Youssef Ayad, 2026)4Ayad 2026 A complete parameter classification of left-invariant Bott affine Ricci solitons for two rotated distributions on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups (Fanqi Lin, 2026)8Lin 2026
Closer to the centre: more closely connected. Clockwise from the top: oldest to newest. Ricci flowWider flowsalso connected to each other
  1. Pseudo-Riemannian Algebraic Ricci Solitons on Four-Dimensional Lie Groups

    Youssef Ayad PDF

    Topics 4-manifolds, Homogeneous spaces, Ricci solitons · Same author Youssef Ayad · Shared terms “algebraic Ricci”, “Lie groups”, “four dimensional”

  2. Lorentz Ricci solitons of 4-dimensional non-Abelian nilpotent Lie groups

    Rohollah Bakhshandeh-Chamazkoti PDF

    Topics 4-manifolds, Physics, Homogeneous spaces · Shared terms “nilpotent Lie”, “dimensional nilpotent”, “Lie groups”

  3. Four-dimensional Lorentzian algebraic Ricci solitons

    Eduardo Garcia-Rio, Rosalia Rodriguez-Gigirey and Ramon Vazquez-Lorenzo PDF

    Topics 4-manifolds, Physics, Homogeneous spaces · Shared terms “algebraic Ricci”, “Lorentzian”, “Lie groups”

  4. Lorentzian Algebraic Ricci Solitons on the Heisenberg Group

    Youssef Ayad PDF

    Topics Physics, Ricci solitons · Same author Youssef Ayad · Shared terms “algebraic Ricci”, “Lorentzian”, “Lie”

  5. Ricci solitons of special Lorentzian Lie groups with a four-dimensional isometry group

    Giovanni Calvaruso, Lorenzo Pellegrino and Amirhesam Zaeim PDF

    Topics 4-manifolds, Physics, Homogeneous spaces · Shared terms “Lorentzian”, “Lie groups”, “four dimensional”

  6. Nilpotent Lie algebras obtained by ordered sets and Ricci solitons

    Yihao Zheng and Shenglin Zhu PDF

    Topics Homogeneous spaces, Ricci solitons · Shared terms “nilpotent Lie”, “algebraic Ricci”, “Lie groups”

  7. A Hilbert–Mumford criterion for nilsolitons

    Yoshinori Hashimoto PDF

    Topics Homogeneous spaces, Ricci solitons · Shared terms “nilpotent Lie”, “Lie groups”, “algebraic”

  8. A complete parameter classification of left-invariant Bott affine Ricci solitons for two rotated distributions on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups

    Fanqi Lin PDF

    Topics Physics, Homogeneous spaces, Ricci solitons · Shared terms “Lie groups”, “Lorentzian”, “solitons associated”

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Background reading

The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.

In the guidebook

  1. 11A.13
    Homogeneous FlowsBook 11A · The Ricci Flow: Existence and Maximum Principles

    A computable laboratory: the flow on Thurston’s geometries.

  2. 11B.1
    Ricci SolitonsBook 11B · Solitons, Compactness and Singularities

    Self-similar solutions: the Gaussian, cylinders, the cigar and the Bryant soliton.

  3. 12B.2
    The Asymptotic Soliton and Three-Dimensional ShrinkersBook 12B · κ-Solutions and Surgery

    Perelman's Proposition 11.2 proved with Morgan and Tian: the reduced-length bounds on κ-solutions, the limit of rescalings, the equality case, and the classification of shrinking solitons in dimensions two and three.