Paper · Aug 13, 2025

The fundamental physical importance of generic off-diagonal solutions and Grigori Perelman entropy in the Einstein gravity theory

Sergiu I. Vacaru, Elşen V. Veliev

gr-qcarXiv:2508.10939Gern. Rel. Grav. 57 (2025) 117
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Abstract

The gravitational field equations in general relativity (GR) consist of a sophisticated system of nonlinear partial differential equations. Solving such equations in some generic off-diagonal forms is usually a hard analytic or numeric task. Physically important solutions in GR were constructed using a diagonal ansatz for metrics with a maximum of 4 independent coefficients. The Einstein equations can be solved in exact or parametric forms determined by some integration constants for corresponding assumptions on spherical or cylindrical spacetime symmetries. The anholonomic frame and connection deformation method allows us to construct generic off-diagonal solutions described by 6 independent coefficients of metrics depending, in general, on all spacetime coordinates. New types of exact and parametric solutions are determined by generating and integration functions and (effective) generating sources. They may describe vacuum gravitational and matter fields solitonic hierarchies; locally anisotropic polarizations of physical constants for black holes, wormholes, black toruses, or cosmological solutions; various types of off-diagonal deformations of horizons, etc. The additional degrees of freedom (related to off-diagonal coefficients) can be used to describe dark energy and dark matter configurations and elaborate locally anisotropic cosmological scenarios. In general, the generic off-diagonal solutions do not involve certain hypersurface or holographic configurations and can't be described in the framework of the Bekenstein-Hawking thermodynamic paradigm. We argue that generalizing the concept of G. Perelman's entropy for relativistic Ricci flows allows us to define and compute geometric thermodynamic variables for all possible classes of solutions in GR.

Comments: latex2e 11pt; 55 pages, 72 pages for the journal variant; v1 equivalent to the variant published online

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The 8 papers on this site closest to this one, judged by the topics they share, the words and phrases in their titles and abstracts, and their authors. They are not its citations, but a map of the work around it. Papers here go back to 2021, plus the canon.

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Closer to the centre: more closely connected. Clockwise from the top: oldest to newest. Ricci flowWider flowsalso connected to each other
  1. Nonassicative cosmological solitonic R-flux deformations in gauge gravity and G. Perelman geometric flow thermodynamics

    L. Bubuianu, J. O. Seti, S. Vacaru et al. PDF

    Topics Perelman entropy, Physics · Same authors Sergiu I. Vacaru, Elşen V. Veliev · Shared terms “thermodynamic”, “locally anisotropic”, “diagonal”

  2. Dark energy and dark matter configurations for wormholes and solitionic hierarchies of nonmetric Ricci flows and gravity

    Laurenţiu Bubuianu, Sergiu I. Vacaru, Elşen Veli Veliev et al. PDF

    Topics Physics · Same authors Sergiu I. Vacaru, Elşen V. Veliev · Shared terms “diagonal”, “matter configurations”, “Grigori Perelman”

  3. Nonmetric geometric flows and quasicrystalline topological phases for dark energy and dark matter in cosmology

    L. Bubuianu, E. Nurlan, J. O. Seti et al. PDF

    Topics Perelman entropy, Physics · Same authors Sergiu I. Vacaru, Elşen V. Veliev · Shared terms “diagonal solutions”, “locally anisotropic”, “dark matter”

  4. Nonassociative geometric and quantum information flows and R-flux deformations of wormhole solutions in string gravity

    Laurenţiu Bubuianu, Douglas Singleton, Sergiu I. Vacaru et al. PDF

    Topics Physics · Same authors Sergiu I. Vacaru, Elşen V. Veliev · Shared terms “gravity theories”, “Grigori Perelman”, “wormhole”

  5. Monotonicity of RG flow in emergent dual holography of worldsheet nonlinear model

    Ki-Seok Kim, Arpita Mitra, Debangshu Mukherjee et al. PDF

    Topics Perelman entropy, Physics · Shared terms “holographic”, “effective”, “configurations”

  6. Geometric flows and the Swampland

    Davide De Biasio PDF

    Topics Perelman entropy, Physics · Shared terms “field equations”, “Einstein”

  7. Stochastic Thermodynamics on Time-Evolving Curved Spaces

    Rihito Nagase, Shoki Sugimoto, Asuka Takatsu et al. PDF

    Topics Perelman entropy · Shared terms “thermodynamic”

Read around it

Background reading

The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.

In the guidebook

  1. 6A.12
    Entropy, Information and DiffusionBook 6A · The Heat Equation and Its Relatives

    Entropy along the heat flow, the log-Sobolev inequality and Li–Yau: the ancestors of Perelman’s entropy.

  2. 6A.13
    Self-Similar Variables and MonotonicityBook 6A · The Heat Equation and Its Relatives

    Changing variables so that self-similar solutions stand still: convergence to the Gaussian, Giga–Kohn blow-up, Gaussian-weighted monotonicity formulas, frequency functions, and the blow-up logic of Huisken, Struwe and Perelman.

  3. 6B.16
    Eigenvalue Problems and Perelman’s λBook 6B · Linear PDE: Characteristics, Waves and Regularity

    Rayleigh quotients and min–max, Faber–Krahn and Cheeger’s inequality, ground states of Schrödinger operators, spectral clustering, and the first eigenvalue of −4Δ + R that begins Perelman’s first preprint.