Paper · Oct 8, 2026
On Ricci solitons whose level hypersurfaces have parallel second fundamental form
As on arXiv
Abstract
We study gradient Ricci solitons whose potential functions have level hypersurfaces with parallel second fundamental form. We show that such a soliton is locally a multiply warped product of a one-dimensional base and Einstein fibers, with potential function depending only on the base. Thus, locally, this condition characterizes the multiply warped structure that occurs in many classical constructions of Ricci solitons. We further prove that the same local structure follows for any gradient Ricci soliton if just one regular level hypersurface has parallel second fundamental form and parallel intrinsic Ricci tensor. As an application, we prove that a complete nonsteady gradient Ricci soliton with constant scalar curvature is rigid as soon as one regular level hypersurface has this property. In particular, the conjecture of Cao holds for gradient shrinking Ricci solitons with this property. We also prove that a complete gradient shrinking Ricci soliton whose regular level hypersurfaces have parallel second fundamental form and at most one nonzero principal curvature is rigid, without any assumption on the scalar curvature.
Comments: 14 pages
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Background reading
The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.
In the guidebook
- 6C.4The Yamabe Problem and Critical Exponents
Conformal changes of scalar curvature, the Yamabe functional, Aubin's threshold and Schoen's solution, concentration compactness and bubbles, and why Perelman's log-Sobolev minimisers always exist.
- 9B.6Scalar Curvature and Topology
Positive scalar curvature, its obstructions, and the positive mass theorem.
- 11B.1Ricci Solitons
Self-similar solutions: the Gaussian, cylinders, the cigar and the Bryant soliton.