Paper · Jul 7, 2025

On a parabolic curvature lower bound generalizing Ricci flows

Marco Flaim, Erik Hupp

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Abstract

Optimal transport plays a major role in the study of manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below. Some results in this setting have been extended to super Ricci flows, revealing a unified approach to analysis on Ricci nonnegative manifolds and Ricci flows. However we observe that the monotonicity of Perelman's functionals (, , reduced volume), which hold true for Ricci flows and Ricci nonnegative manifolds, cannot be strictly generalized to super Ricci flows. In 2010 Buzano introduced a condition which still generalizes Ricci flows and Ricci nonnegative manifolds, and on which Perelman's monotonicities do hold. We provide characterizations of this condition using optimal transport and understand it heuristically as Ricci nonnegativity of the space-time. This interpretation is consistent with its equivalence to Ricci nonnegativity on Perelman's infinite dimensional manifold. More precisely, we prove that for smooth evolutions of Riemannian manifolds, this condition is equivalent to a Bochner inequality (resembling Perelman's Harnack inequality but for the forward heat flow), a gradient estimate for the heat flow, a Wasserstein contraction along the adjoint heat flow, the convexity of a modified entropy along Wasserstein geodesics, and an Evolutionary Variational Inequality (EVI). The optimal transport statements use Perelman's distance as cost, as first studied on Ricci flows by Topping and by Lott. We also consider dimensionally improved and weighted versions of these conditions. The dimensional Bochner inequality and all gradient estimates for the forward heat equation, along with the EVIs, appear to be new even for general Ricci flows, and are related to the Hamiltonian perspective on the distance. Most of our proofs do not use tensor calculus or Jacobi fields, suggesting the possibility of future extensions to more singular settings.

Comments: Examples in Sec 7 included, details added in Prop B1

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The 8 papers on this site closest to this one, judged by the topics they share, the words and phrases in their titles and abstracts, and their authors. They are not its citations, but a map of the work around it. Papers here go back to 2021, plus the canon.

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Closer to the centre: more closely connected. Clockwise from the top: oldest to newest. Ricci flowWider flowsalso connected to each other
  1. Gaussian Volume Functional, Integral Scalar Curvature, and Minimal Super-Ricci Flows

    Marco Flaim, Erik Hupp and Karl-Theodor Sturm PDF

    Topics Limit spaces & RCD, Weak & singular flows · Same authors Marco Flaim, Erik Hupp · Shared terms “super Ricci”, “Riemannian manifolds”

  2. Synthetic approaches to Ricci flows

    Matthias Erbar, Marco Flaim, Eric Hupp et al. PDF

    Topics Limit spaces & RCD, Weak & singular flows · Same author Marco Flaim · Shared terms “optimal transport”, “heat flow”, “Riemannian manifolds”

  3. On Perelman's -entropy and Shannon entropy power for super Ricci flows on metric measure spaces

    Xiang-Dong Li PDF

    Topics Harnack inequalities, Limit spaces & RCD, Weak & singular flows · Shared terms “super Ricci”, “Perelman Harnack”, “equivalence”

  4. Synthetic notions of Ricci flow for metric measure spaces

    Matthias Erbar, Zhenhao Li and Timo Schultz PDF

    Topics Limit spaces & RCD, Weak & singular flows · Shared terms “optimal transport”, “along Wasserstein”, “Wasserstein geodesics”

  5. Optimal Transport and Generalized Ricci Flow

    Eva Kopfer and Jeffrey Streets PDF

    Topics Limit spaces & RCD · Shared terms “optimal transport”, “heat flow”, “geodesics”

  6. An -regularity theorem for Perelman's reduced volume

    Liang Cheng and Yongjia Zhang PDF

    Topics Reduced volume · Shared terms “Perelman”

  7. Heat kernel on Ricci shrinker metric measure spaces

    Bing Wang and Jie Wang PDF

    Topics Reduced volume, Perelman entropy, Limit spaces & RCD · Shared terms “equivalence”

Read around it

Background reading

The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.

In the guidebook

  1. 12A.6
    𝓛-Geodesics and the Variational FormulasBook 12A · Entropy and Noncollapsing

    Perelman's §7.1 derived line by line: the first and second variation of 𝓛-length, 𝓛-Jacobi fields, adapted fields, Hamilton's Harnack expressions, and the differential inequalities for the reduced distance.

  2. 6C.11
    Optimal Transport and Ricci CurvatureBook 6C · Nonlinear PDE: Variational and Geometric Methods

    Kantorovich duality, Wasserstein geometry, the heat equation as a gradient flow of entropy, displacement convexity, and Ricci curvature as convexity, from Lott–Sturm–Villani to McCann–Topping and the reduced volume.

  3. 12A.5
    Reduced Distance and Reduced VolumeBook 12A · Entropy and Noncollapsing

    A space-time Bishop–Gromov theorem.