Paper · Jun 4, 2026

On the structure of complete -solitons

Haozhao Li, Yuanqing Ma, Kai Zheng

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Abstract

In this work, we establish compactness and regularity results for complete gradient Laplacian solitons of closed -structures. Under a lower scalar-curvature bound and a distance-dependent bound on the gradient of the soliton potential, we prove pointed measured Gromov-Hausdorff compactness. With a uniform lower bound for the localised Perelman entropy, the Gromov-Hausdorff convergence improves to pointed convergence. Our principal result shows that this convergence upgrades to smooth convergence on the regular set. More precisely, after passing to a subsequence, the metrics, the defining positive -forms, and the soliton potentials converge smoothly on every compact subset of the regular set, and the limiting data define a gradient Laplacian soliton. The proof develops a local entropy method adapted to -solitons. Since the available control does not directly close an elliptic bootstrap for the -soliton, and no suitable pseudolocality theorem is available in this setting, we instead use the localised Perelman's functionals. These yield an entropy -regularity theorem and a gap theorem for scalar-flat solitons. On the regular set, pointed convergence gives an almost-Euclidean local isoperimetric inequality, which in turn verifies the required small-entropy condition automatically. The resulting curvature bounds are then combined with -specific differential identities and quantitative interior estimates to control the soliton data. Finally, at the critical exponent in dimension seven, we show that a uniform weighted -curvature bound then yields pointed compactness.

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Read around it

Background reading

The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.

In the guidebook

  1. 6C.11
    Optimal Transport and Ricci CurvatureBook 6C · Nonlinear PDE: Variational and Geometric Methods

    Kantorovich duality, Wasserstein geometry, the heat equation as a gradient flow of entropy, displacement convexity, and Ricci curvature as convexity, from Lott–Sturm–Villani to McCann–Topping and the reduced volume.

  2. 6A.12
    Entropy, Information and DiffusionBook 6A · The Heat Equation and Its Relatives

    Entropy along the heat flow, the log-Sobolev inequality and Li–Yau: the ancestors of Perelman’s entropy.

  3. 6A.13
    Self-Similar Variables and MonotonicityBook 6A · The Heat Equation and Its Relatives

    Changing variables so that self-similar solutions stand still: convergence to the Gaussian, Giga–Kohn blow-up, Gaussian-weighted monotonicity formulas, frequency functions, and the blow-up logic of Huisken, Struwe and Perelman.