Paper · May 2, 2023

Gap Theorem on Riemannian manifolds using Ricci flow

Pak-Yeung Chan, Man-Chun Lee

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Abstract

In this work, we use the Ricci flow approach to study the gap phenomenon of Riemannian manifolds with non-negative curvature and sub-critical scaling invariant curvature decay. The first main result is a quantitative Ricci flow existence theory without non-collapsing assumption. We use it to show that complete non-compact manifolds with non-negative complex sectional curvature and sufficiently small average curvature decay are necessarily flat. The second main result concerns three-manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature of quadratic decay. By combining our newly established curvature estimate and method in Kähler geometry, we show that if the curvature decays slightly faster even in average sense, the manifold must be flat. This strengthens a result of Reiris. In the compact case, we use the Ricci flow regularization to generalize the celebrated Gromov-Ruh Theorem in this direction.

Comments: 35 pages, minor changes

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The 8 papers on this site closest to this one, judged by the topics they share, the words and phrases in their titles and abstracts, and their authors. They are not its citations, but a map of the work around it. Papers here go back to 2021, plus the canon.

Connected papers This paper in the centre and the 8 papers closest to it around it, in date order clockwise from the top. The closer a paper sits to the centre, the stronger the connection. This paper Three-manifolds with non-negatively pinched Ricci curvature (Man-Chun Lee and Peter M. Topping, 2022)5Lee 2022 Manifolds with small curvature concentration (Pak-Yeung Chan, Shaochuang Huang and Man-Chun Lee, 2022)8Chan 2022 Manifolds with PIC1 pinched curvature (Man-Chun Lee and Peter M. Topping, 2022)3Lee 2022 Ricci Flow under Kato-type curvature lower bound (Man-Chun Lee, 2023)4Lee 2023 Expanding Ricci solitons coming out of weakly PIC1 metric cones (Pak-Yeung Chan, Man-Chun Lee and Luke T. Peachey, 2024)6Chan 2024 Uniqueness of Ricci flow with scaling invariant estimates (Man-Chun Lee, 2025)2Lee 2025 Gap Theorem on locally conformally flat manifold (Ming Hsiao and Man-Chun Lee, 2025)7Hsiao 2025 Higher-dimensional flying wing Steady Ricci Solitons (Pak-Yeung Chan, Yi Lai and Man-Chun Lee, 2025)1Chan 2025
Closer to the centre: more closely connected. Clockwise from the top: oldest to newest. Ricci flowWider flowsalso connected to each other
  1. Higher-dimensional flying wing Steady Ricci Solitons

    Pak-Yeung Chan, Yi Lai and Man-Chun Lee PDF

    Topics (Non)collapsing, Boundaries & non-compact · Same authors Pak-Yeung Chan, Man-Chun Lee · Shared terms “negative curvature”, “scaling invariant”

  2. Uniqueness of Ricci flow with scaling invariant estimates

    Man-Chun Lee PDF

    Topics (Non)collapsing, 3-manifolds, Boundaries & non-compact · Same author Man-Chun Lee · Shared terms “scaling invariant”, “invariant curvature”

  3. Manifolds with PIC1 pinched curvature

    Man-Chun Lee and Peter M. Topping PDF

    Topics 3-manifolds, Boundaries & non-compact · Same author Man-Chun Lee · Shared terms “negative complex”, “complex sectional”, “sectional curvature”

  4. Ricci Flow under Kato-type curvature lower bound

    Man-Chun Lee PDF

    Topics (Non)collapsing, 3-manifolds · Same author Man-Chun Lee · Shared terms “existence theory”

  5. Three-manifolds with non-negatively pinched Ricci curvature

    Man-Chun Lee and Peter M. Topping PDF

    Topics 3-manifolds, Boundaries & non-compact · Same author Man-Chun Lee · Shared terms “curvature decay”, “invariant curvature”, “combining”

  6. Expanding Ricci solitons coming out of weakly PIC1 metric cones

    Pak-Yeung Chan, Man-Chun Lee and Luke T. Peachey PDF

    Topics Kähler geometry · Same authors Pak-Yeung Chan, Man-Chun Lee

  7. Gap Theorem on locally conformally flat manifold

    Ming Hsiao and Man-Chun LeeWider flows PDF

    Same author Man-Chun Lee · Shared terms “gap theorem”, “curvature decay”, “gap phenomenon”

  8. Manifolds with small curvature concentration

    Pak-Yeung Chan, Shaochuang Huang and Man-Chun Lee PDF

    Topics Ricci flow · Same authors Pak-Yeung Chan, Man-Chun Lee

Read around it

Background reading

The guides for the topics of this paper: what each idea is, why it matters, and the papers to read first.

In the guidebook

  1. 9B.3
    Collapsing and NoncollapsingBook 9B · Comparison, Convergence and Heat on Manifolds

    Injectivity radius bounds from volume, collapsing examples, and the definition Perelman needs.

  2. 12A.4
    κ-NoncollapsingBook 12A · Entropy and Noncollapsing

    The theorem that excludes the cigar.

  3. 12A.8
    Local Noncollapsing from the Reduced VolumeBook 12A · Entropy and Noncollapsing

    Perelman's §§7.3 and 8: noncollapsing that needs only local curvature control, the small-and-large-vector split, the maximum principle for the reduced distance, and the form that survives surgery.